The Future of OLED Manufacturing

Report Summary

OLED는 최근 급속하게 성장했으나 여전히 더 많은 성장을 위한 중요한 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다. OLED는 기능과 성능, 아키텍처, 완제품 시장 및 제조 기술을 포함하여 여러 관점에서 계속해서 진화하고 성장하고 있습니다. OLED 매출은 여러 이유로 2020년부터 2025년까지 50% 가까이 증가할 것으로 예상되며, 이에 따라 DSCC는 OLED 기술과 제조, 성과에 대한 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 본 The Future of OLED Manufacturing를 발간하게 되었습니다.


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Although OLEDs have grown rapidly recently, they are far from a mature technology which still has significant potential for more growth. OLEDs are still evolving and growing from several different perspectives including features, performance, architecture, end markets and manufacturing technologies. OLED revenues are expected to grow nearly 50% from 2020 to 2025 for a number of reasons. For these reasons, DSCC decided it would be valuable to create this report, The Future of OLED Manufacturing, to examine how OLED technology, manufacturing and performance are likely to evolve.

There are a number of drivers moving OLEDs forward including:

  • SDC’s desire to stay ahead of its Chinese OLED competitors;
  • Apple’s desire to extend its OLED position in smartphones to tablets, notebooks and even desktop monitors. The migration to larger sizes is fueling interest in larger OLED substrate manufacturing.
  • Chinese OLED manufacturers efforts to narrow the performance and manufacturing gap with SDC and LGD;
  • Both Chinese and Korean manufacturers desire to outperform miniLEDs and minimize any cost gap.

Panel suppliers and brands alike have looked to OLEDs for differentiation and higher margins than in the commodity LCD market. OLEDs have already established a strong position in smartphones and a high-end niche in TVs. This report will address how OLED manufacturers will look to boost their position in smartphones and TVs and establish a growing foothold in the IT market. These advances will be necessary to push OLEDs from $50B to $100B in revenues.

The report is divided into smartphone, IT and TV sections and will address in each the technology roadmap, performance outlook, cost outlook, ways to reduce costs and position vs. competing technologies. The adoption of G8.5 substrates for the IT market plays a critical role in this report and will examine new capabilities such as high performance IGZO backplanes, vertical FMM VTE tools, laser-less lift off solutions and more to improve OLED’s competitiveness in IT markets.

Within this dynamic environment, OLED continues to grow towards attaining half of the display market revenue and all of it's new capacity investments - even within the upcoming half decade. Beyond that, it will continue growing further as it reaps economies of scale and further supply chain improvements. And while competing technologies such as MicroLED are on the horizon, both past experience as well as current tech & economic analysis suggest they will take a long time until manufacturing worthiness, which in retrospect will mean that the 2020-2030 decade may be considered as the “OLED decade."

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Executive Summary p. 4

2.0 Background – OLED Commercial & Industrial History p. 15

2.1 Intro, Beginnings and Timeline p. 16

2.2 Capacity Evolution p. 27

2.3 Application Evolution p. 34

2.4 OLEDs Rival Technologies p. 41

2.5 Enabled Features and Architecture Timeline p. 49

2.6 OLED Supply Chain Evolution p. 60

2.7 Industrial Politics of OLED p. 64

3.0 Technical Challenges & Bottlenecks for OLEDs p. 69

3.1 Review of Known Historical OLED Prod. Challenges p. 70

3.2 Review of OLED’s Yield History p. 84

3.3 Current OLED Yield Challenges p. 90

3.4 OLED’s Cost Challenge p. 97

3.5 Undelivered Parts of OLED’s Promise p. 100

4.0 The Way Forward for OLED: Smartphones/Wearables p. 105
4.1 Overview p. 107

4.2 Touch on TFE p. 111

4.3 LTPO p. 116

4.4 IGZO p. 128

4.5 Color on Encapsulation p. 136

4.6 Micro Lens Patterning p. 140

4.7 Under Panel Cameras and IR Sensors p. 143

4.8 Higher Resolution Lithography p. 157

4.9 Mobile OLED Stack and High Efficiency Blue Emitters p. 165

4.10 Foldables p. 173

4.11 Rollables p. 177

5.0 The Way Forward for OLED: IT Displays p. 183

5.1 The IT Opportunity p. 185

5.2 Current OLED Notebooks, Tablets and Monitors p. 188

5.3 The Challenge/Problem and Panel Requirements p. 192

5.4 Key Challenges and Solutions p. 198

5.4.1 LTPS or Oxide p. 200

5.4.2 G8.5 Oxide – Rigid or Flexible p. 210

5.4.3 Scaling FMM VTE Eqpt/FMMs to G8.5 p. 218

5.4.4 Alternative Patterning Approaches p. 223

5.4.5 Cost Comparisons and Fab Schedules p. 253

5.5.6 Power Consumption p. 261 5.6.7 OLED Materials and Burn-in p. 270

5.5 Company/Technology Roadmaps p. 280

5.6 OLED Shipment Forecasts p. 289

6.0 The Way forward for OLED TVs p. 293

6.1 Overview p. 295

6.2 WOLED and Rollable Advances p. 297

6.3 QD-OLED p. 306

6.4 QNED p. 312

6.5 OVJP p. 316

6.6 RGB OLED p. 321

6.7 High Efficiency Blue p. 328

6.8 Auxiliary Electrodes p. 330

6.9 Fab Schedules, Cost and Shipment Forecasts p. 334

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